Kunyit Putih

Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria, known as kacōramu in Telugu) is the name for a perennial herb and member of the genus Curcuma Linn., family Zingiberaceae. The plant is native to India and Indonesia. It was introduced to Europe by Arabs around the sixth century, but its use as a spice in the West today is extremely rare, having been replaced by ginger.

Zedoary is a rhizome that grows in tropical and subtropical wet forest regions. The fragrant plant bears yellow flowers with red and green bracts and the underground stem section is large and tuberous with numerous branches. The leaf shoots of the zedoary are long and can reach 1 meter (3 feet) in height.

The edible root of zedoary has a white interior and a fragrance reminiscent of mango; however, its flavor is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste. In Indonesia it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India it tends to be used fresh or pickled.

Zedoary is also used in some traditional eastern medicines where it is reputed to be an aid to digestion, a relief for colic and an agent for purifying the blood.

The essential oil produced from the dried roots of Curcuma zedoaria is used in perfumery and soap fabrication, as well as an ingredient in bitter tonics.
 

Kapulaga

INTRODUCTION

The name cardamom (or cardamon) is used for herbs within two genera of the ginger family Zingiberaceae, namely Elettaria and Amomum. Both varieties take the form of a small seedpod, triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin papery outer shell and small black seeds. Elettaria pods are light green in color, while Amomum pods are larger and dark brown.
 

Chemical Contents

cardamom contains atsiri oil, sineol, terpineol, borneol, protein, sugar, fat, silikat, betakamfer, sebinena, mirkena, mirtenal, karvona, terpinil

asetat, and kersik. The sweet smell is from asiri oil that contains 5 nutrients :

1-Borneol that has smells like the rubber of camphor.

2-Alfa-terpinilasetat that has pleasant smell like pettigrain pickle.

3-Limonen also has pleasant smell like keprok pickle

4- Alfa terpinen that has pleasant smell like sitrun pickle.

5- Sineol that is tasty is quite hot and spicy like cajuput oil.

The combination smell of  camper, pettigrain pickle,keprok pickle, sitrun pickle and cajuput oil form special smell of cardamom.

Uses

1.Cough,influenza

2.Fade the body smell

3.Fever and Hot

4.stomach stiff and rheumatic

5.Prevent feeling queasy

6.Amandel inflammation.

7.Menstrual syndrome

8.difficulty in breathing

9.Friable bone

Note :

In medical field, the dried seed is named as semen cardamomi. Besides seed, root and fruit, the stem also can be used in medication.

Some flavoring factories extract the asiri oil from cardamom to form oil of cardamom and then filled into the bottle. In oil form, cardamom is used to give taste in soft drink and America ice cream at the factory. 

Sirih

Introduction

The Betel (Piper betle) is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is known by a series of different names in the regions in which it is consumed - among these are Taambuul and Nagavalli (Sanskrit), Vidyache pan (Marathi), veeleya/vilya (kannada), Vetrilai (Tamil), Vettila (Malayalam). The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of about 1 meter. The Betel plant originated from South and South East Asia (India, Srilanka, Vietnam, and Malaysia). The best Betel leaf is the "Magadhi" variety (literally from the Magadha region) grown near Patna in Bihar, India. In Kerala, the famous variety of betel leaf is from Venmony near Chengannur and it is called "Venmony Vettila". Betel leaf cultivated in Tirur, Kerala is also of fine quality. Betel leaves exported from Tirur are famous in Pakistan as "Tirur Pan".

Chemical contents

The active ingredients of betel oil, which is obtained from the leaves, are primarily a class of allylbenzene compounds. Though particular emphasis has been placed on chavibetol (betel-phenol; 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyallylbenzene), it also contains chavicol (p-allyl-phenol; 4-allyl-phenol), estragole (p-allyl-anisole; 4-methoxy-allylbenzene), eugenol (allylguaiacol; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-allylbenzene; 2-methoxy-4-allyl-phenol), methyl eugenol (eugenol methyl ether; 3,4-dimethoxy-allylbenzene), and hydroxycatechol (2,4-dihydroxy-allylbenzene).

Several terpenes and terpenoids are present in the betel oil as well. There are two monoterpenes, p-cymene and terpinene, and two monoterpenoids, eucalyptol and carvacrol. Additionally, there are two sesquiterpenes, cadinene and caryophyllene.

Uses

1.Cough

2. Aphthous ulcer

3. Bronchitis

4.Acne

5. reduce white discharge in the menstrual cycle of women.

6.Gum problems

7.Dengue fever

8.Mouth odor

9.Menstrual cycle problem

10.Asthma

11.Throat inflammation

12.Burnt injury

13.Skin diseases

14.Boil and release itchy

15.Eyes pain

Directions

For bleeding nose, wash 2 betel leaves, roll them and put into nose holes.

For white discharge problem, a few of betel leaves that have been cleaned are boiled and the lukewarm water is used to wash the vagina especially after urination.

There are 2 ways for mouth odor, first way by chewing until fine the betel leaves that have been cleaned. The second way is by boiling it, then it is cooled and filtered. It is used in gargling 2 to 3 times a day.

For swelling gum, boil 5-6 betel leaves with 3 glasses of boiling water, after that put a little bit of salt. The lukewarm water is used in gargling 2-3 times a day.

For body odor,2-3 betel leaves is boiled with ½ glass of water, then the leaves are taken out. Put sugar before drink. If you don’t want to drink the water, the other method is by putting a little bit of betel chalk on the betel leaf. The leaf is then being kneaded soft and rubbed to the underarm.

Dukung Anak

Introduction

The annual herb Phyllanthus niruri is best known by the common names Stonebreaker(Eng.), Chanca Piedra(Sp.) and Quebra Pedra(Port.), Seed-Under-Leaf(Eng.) but has many other common names in assorted languages, including dukong anak, dukong-dukong anak, amin buah, rami buah, turi hutan, and bhuiaonla. It is a widespread tropical plant commonly found in coastal areas. It is a relative of the spurges, belonging to the leaf  flower genus of Family Phyllanthaceae.

It grows 50 to 70 centimeters tall and bears ascending herbaceous branches. The bark is smooth and light green. It bears numerous pale green flowers which are often flushed with red. The fruits are tiny, smooth capsules containing seeds.

The plant has long been used as an herbal remedy for urinary calculi, and has been shown in modern medical research studies to reduce the risks of stones in individuals prone to the condition. Research on the plant continues to determine if it has any other beneficial effects. It may have antiviral activity.

Chemical contents

1. - Geraniin

2 - Niruriside

3 - Phyllanthin                                                                              

4 - Rutin

Uses

Dukung anak is said to be very suitable to cure Hepatitis B because this herbal plant can purify the blood in the body. It is very easy. We just have to take the plant (about 5 ) and clean them. Then punch the plant until fine. Put them into the water and drink. Because of its bitter taste, it can be mixed with syrup, yogurt or goat milk. According to the scientific research, this plant is safe to be taken and not dangerous.

This plant is actually famous in Amazon as the remedy for gall bladder stone. By the end of 80s,it is identified has antivirus to attack Hepatitis B including phytochemistry that can control cells from surroundings pollution. In Malaysia, Dukung Anak is used as diuretic and tonic after miscarriage. Moreover, it also can be used as the cure for diarrhea, kidney problem, gonorrhea and syphilis. Meanwhile, juice or root and young leaf extract are used to strengthen the kidney.

Kegunaan

Dukung Anak dikatakan amat sesuai untuk merawat penyakit Hepatitis B kerana tumbuhan herba ini boleh membersihkan darah dalam badan. Untuk menggunakannya adalah mudah. Kita hanya perlu mengambil semua sekali pokok Dukung anak itu (kira-kira lima batang pokok) dan membersihkannya. Kemudian tumbuk pokok itu sampai hancur atau lumat. Masukkan ke dalam segelas air kosong dan terus minum. Oleh kerana rasanya agak pahit, ia boleh dicampurkan dengan sirap, yogurt atau susu kambing. Berdasarkan kajian saintifik, tumbuhan ini selamat untuk digunakan dan tidak berbahaya.

Kidney problem                         : The braised water or leaf and root juice is drunk

Cough                                          : The young leaf braised water is drunk

Injury, livid and ulcers injury  : Kneaded leaf is  rubbed at the pain part

Ulam Raja

Explanation:

Ulam raja is actually classified into cosmos genus that commonly planted as a decoration plant because its flower is beautiful and colorful. However, the one that has small flower and pale color (pale pink) or white. It is also known as intan berayun plant. It can grow until 2metres height, and suitable to grow 200 meters from the sea level. It breeds through seed which produced after its flower matures. This plant originated from Latin America but wildly grows in every ASEAN countries.

Chemical contents

It contains 0.3% of proteins,o.4% of fats and carbohydrates, it also rich in lacsium and vitamin A. Its leaf has high antioxidant (AEAC) property, each 100 grams of the fresh leaves have the same antioxidant property to the 2400 mg of ascorbic L-acid. It contains more than 20 types of antioxidant substances that have been identified in ulam raja. The main anti oxidant substances are due to the existence of protosianidin in dimer, through hecsamer, cuersetin glycoside, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, kripto-chlorogenic acid and (+)- catcher.

Uses

Ulam raja is used in traditional medication because it can repair the blood flow and purify the blood from toxic substances. It also can strengthen the bones. The extract chloroform from its leaf has costunolide, stigmasterol, lutein dan bipyridine that can inhibit the activity of some bacteria and fungi like candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and also E.choli.

Manjakani

 Introduction

Manjakani or "Oak galls" comes from oak trees indigenous to Asia Minor and Persia. They are produced when the leaves of the oak tree (Quercus infectoria) are penetrated by stinging wasps. The spontaneous chemical reaction caused by the penetration stimulates the leaves to produce a round dish hard ball called an oak gall.

The galls, which contain tannin and small amounts of Gallic acid and ellagic acid have antimicrobial qualities and are used in Malaysia by women after childbirth to restore the elasticity of the uterine wall. It is called Majuphal in India, where it has been used as dental powder and as a treatment for toothache and gingivitis

Chemical contents

Manjakani is rich in Tannin, Vitamin A & C, Calsium & Gallic acid, Fiber, Protein & Carbohydrate, Besides that, manjakani also contains antibacterial and antiinflammation properties.

The manjakani seed contain 50-70% of tannin and 3 % of Gallic acid. The best manjakani seed is said to be originated from Aleppo Syria.

Uses @ Benefits

1. Antioxidant in manjakani can reduce aging process.

2. Avoid diabetes-Gallic acid can help in preventing asthma & diabetes.

3. Avoid cervical and breast cancer.

4. Avoid from unpleasant smell/white discharge (estrigent contents in manjakani help in eliminating the bacteria, yeast and fungi infections that cause the unpleasant smell in the pubic region.

5. Recover the vagina tissue (tannins in manjakani can contract the vagina muscle and  firm it after giving birth, in aging process and hormone changing.

6. Reduce the excess mucus, help in regulating hormone, improving blood flow and providing energy.

7. Beautify the skin and prevent acne

8. Eye health-repair the sight ability.

9. To cure breast-drink manjakani can restore the elasticity of the breast.

10. For bones & teeth- calcium in manjakani can strengthen the teeth and bones.

11.Conserve the cleanness of the teeth

12.Prevent from dried and oily skin

13.Treat chronic cancer

14.Rich in vitamins

15.Efficacious in threatening internal wound (after giving birth)& also for external wound.

For external use, the manjakani fruit can be sharpened at the back of the pot and that produced is pasted at the wound. Gallic acid in it also can be used to cure diabetes and asthma, has laxative effect as it is rich in fiber.

In some places, the seed is braised, dried and ground until become flour. It is used as substance to saturate the braised and soup, it is also mixed with flour to make bread. The seed is roasted and ground to made as drink to replace coffee.

Kacip Fatimah

Introduction

Kacip Fatimah is a herbal woody plant. It commonly grows wildly in the tropical rain forest with the height about 150 feet from the sea level. This plant breeds with 2 ways: through seed and root. This plant can grow perfectly in cloudy area with soil that contains high humus and does not sump water. The three types that commonly found in Malaysia are  Labisia pumila var. Alata, L. Pumila var. Pumila and L. Pumila var. Lanceolata. Its leaf is green in color and has stick red fruit at the edge of the stem.

Uses:

It can fasten the giving birth process besides can give back the energy after child birth. Moreover, it also can contracts the uterus and make the body slim. Kacip Fatimah also can stimulate the hormone discharge which can smoothen the bloody discharge during menstruation. It also can reduce pain during menstruation. The method to use for before/after child birth is by braising (the whole plant including the leaf) into a pot of water (the best is soil pot) and the water is drunk. It is used to treat hemorrhoids by braising the dried root. It also can be used to treat diarrhea, rheumatism and gonorrhea. 

Kayu Manis

Explanation:

Kayu manis is commonly planted as decoration and shady plant because its leaf is beautiful and and the bark is reddish in color. The dried bark will be made as spice known as kulit kayu manis, that widely used in every types of cookeries, kulit kayu manis has spicy and sweet taste, pleasant smell and hot. In archaic Egypt epoch, kulit kayu manis is mixed in most cookeries to avoid food  from easily hackneyed. The shoot which light red in color, the small white flower while the fruit is purple in color. Kayu manis plant can reach the height until 30 feet and it is classified in herbaceous plant.

Chemical contents

A few of chemical substances in kayu manis are asiri eugenol oil, safrole, sinamaldehide, tannin, calsium, oksalat, resin and substance cleanser . Oil extract from kulit kayu manis contains 2 types of fenilpropanoid : cinnamaldehyd and eugenol.

Uses

The oil extract is used in aroma therapy medication. It is used to produce calm effect. The latest research shows that by taking half spoon of kayu manis powder daily can lower the sugar blood level of diabetes patients. This effect can also  be reached by immersing the bark of kayu manis into any drink especially tea. The other uses of kayu manis in medication are improve defecation, as the cure for diarrhea (kill e-coli) and as the pain detain. It is also natural antibacterial which can prevent the formation of teeth plague and damaged teeth. It can also release indigestion and nausea especially during pregnancy.